Dr. Sara Razai, program director, Jurisdiction over cases in Western democracies is generally described as either concentrated into a unitary system of courts or fragmented into a plurality of different courts with their own separate hierarchical structures.1 In contrast with a unitary system of courts with a wide dispersal of jurisdictional powers, fragmented systems tend […]
Research programmes
Dr Sara Razai, Programme Director IEDJA This article explores the judicial role in the region from the 19th century, focusing on the impact of the Western law to the region with emphasis on the Ottoman legal reforms in the Arab region between 1839 – 1876 and the period following the Ottoman decline in the 20th […]
Sara Razai, Fellow researcher, In principle, judges are required to keep a distance from the community. For instance, under the fourth principle of the Sharjah Convention, Arab judges are instructed to maintain a balance between their judicial duties and their engagement in society.1 However, in practice judges are not insulated from society: they remain part […]
Sara Razai, The Lebanese legal system recognises the equal access to justice and courts, including the provision of legal aid for those who otherwise lack the necessary means. While in principle, there is a legal right to access courts in Lebanon – a fundamental and unconditional right – a number of obstacles hinders this to […]
Bamdad SHAMS, We live in a more globalized world in which the states lose their normative power for regulating transnational private relations1. The ultimate consequence of this is that the multinational corporations (MNCs) creating their own legal orders2, their own norms3 such as private standards and codes of conduct4 for their own behaviour (and their […]
Mohamed. M. Youssef, Chief judge, member of the Technical Office, Court of Cassation “Supreme Court of Egypt”. Courtroom Judge, Court of 1st instance, Civil & Criminal divisions. (October 2007 – September 2011). Assistant Prosecutor, the Public Prosecution Bureau. (March 2001 – September 2007). Master of Laws in International and Comparative Law (LL.M), Indiana University, Robert […]
